The policy integration game? Congruence of outputs and implementation in policy integration

Abstract Researchers agree on the importance of policy integration in analysis responses to complex problems, yet they often use this concept indicate integrated programmes (IPPs) as opposed practice (as performed by actors). Describing how IPPs are reshaped, while being implemented opens new research venues study process and its effects. This article theorises ‘(in)congruent implementation' illustrates theoretical contribution with case local implementation national ‘Security Decree' Italian cities Bologna Pesaro. The paper makes a political aspects integration. In particular, it suggests that three factors—the misalignment state frames, incommensurability different subsystems’ interests, politicians’ risk avoidance strategies—might be led reframing integrative intentions from bottom up.